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this is a tense vowel

  • 1 tense

    tens I noun
    (a form of a verb that shows the time of its action in relation to the time of speaking: a verb in the past/future/present tense.) tid, tempus
    II 1. adjective
    1) (strained; nervous: The crowd was tense with excitement; a tense situation.) (an)spent, nervøs
    2) (tight; tightly stretched.) forstrukket, stram
    2. verb
    (to make or become tense: He tensed his muscles.) stramme(s), spenne(s)
    - tenseness
    - tension
    spent
    I
    subst. \/ten(t)s\/
    ( språkvitenskap) tempus, tid
    II
    verb \/ten(t)s\/
    spenne(s), stramme(s), strekke(s)
    tensed up ( overført) spent, nervøs, irritabel
    III
    adj. \/ten(t)s\/
    1) ( også overført) anspent, spent
    2) stram, strukket
    3) spennende
    4) ( språkvitenskap) trang

    English-Norwegian dictionary > tense

  • 2 BE

    Quenya uses forms of ná as the copula used to join adjectives, nouns or pronouns “in statements (or wishes) asserting (or desiring) a thing to have certain quality, or to be the same as another” (VT49:28). It may also denote a position, as in tanomë nauvan “I will be there” (VT49:19). PE17:68 mentions návë “being” as a “general infinitive” form; the gloss would suggest that návë may also be regarded as a gerund. Present tense ná “is” (Nam), pl. nar or nár ”are" (PE15:36, VT49:27, 30), dual nát (VT49:30). Also attested with various pronominal endings: nányë/nanyë “I am”, nalyë or natyë “you (sg.) are” (polite and familiar, respectively), nás “it is”, násë “(s)he is”, nalmë “we are” (VT49:27, 30). Some forms listed in VT49:27 are perhaps intended as aorist forms (nain “I am”, naityë/nailyë “you are”); VT49:30 however lists aorist forms with no intruding i (nanyë *“I am”, nalyë *”thou art”, ná “is”, nassë *”(s)he is”, nalmë *“we are”, nar “are”). Pa.t. nánë or né “was”, pl. náner/nér and dual nét “were” (VT49:6, 10, 27, 30). According to VT49:31, né “was” cannot receive pronominal endings (though nésë “he was” is attested elsewhere, VT49:28-29), and such endings are rather added to the form ane-, e.g. anen “I was”, anel “you were”, anes “(s)he/it was” (VT49:28). Future tense nauva "will be" (VT42:34, VT49:19; alternative form uva only in VT49:30) Perfect anaië “has been” (VT49:27, first written as anáyë). The form na may be used as imperative (na airë "be holy", VT43:14, alcar...na Erun "glory...be to God", VT44:34); this imperative na is apparently incorporated in the word nai "be it that" (misleading translation "maybe" in LotR). This nai can be combined with a verb to express a hope that something will happen (Nam: nai hiruvalyë Valimar, “may you find Valimar”) or if the verb is in the present rather than the future tense, that it is already happening (VT49:39: nai Eru lye mánata “God bless you” or *”may God be blessing you”). According to PE17:58, imperative na is short for á na with the imperative particle included. – Ná "is" appears with a short vowel (na) in some sources, but writers should probably maintain the long vowel to avoid confusion with the imperative na (and with the wholly distinct preposition na "to"). The short form na- may however be usual before pronominal suffixes. By one interpretation, na with a short vowel represents the aorist (VT49:27). – The word ëa is variously translated "is", "exists", "it is", "let it be". It has a more absolute meaning than ná, with reference to existence rather than being a mere copula. It may also be used (with prepositional phrases) to denote a position: i ëa han ëa “[our Father] who is beyond [the universe of] Eä” (VT43:12-14), i Eru i or ilyë mahalmar ëa “the One who is above all thrones” (UT:305). The pa.t. of this verb is engë, VT43:38, perfect engië or rarely éyë, future euva, VT49:29. – Fíriel's Song contains a word ye "is" (compare VT46:22), but its status in LotR-style Quenya is uncertain. – NOT BE, NOT DO: Also attested is the negative copula uin and umin "I do not, am not" (1st pers. aorist), pa.t. úmë. According to VT49:29, forms like ui “it is not”, uin(yë) “I am not”, uil(yë) *“you are not”, *uis *”(s)he is not” and uilmë *”we are not” are cited in a document dating from about 1968, though some of this was struck out. The monosyllable ú is used for “was not” in one text. The negation lá can be inflected for time “when verb is not expressed”. Tense-forms given: (aorist) lanyë “I do not, am not”; the other forms are cited without pronominal suffixes: present laia, past lánë, perfect alaië, future lauva, imperative ala, alá. MAY IT BE SO, see AMEN. –VT49:27-34, Nam/RGEO:67, VT43:34/An Introduction to Elvish:5, VT42:34,Silm:21/391, FS, UGU/UMU, VT49:13

    Quettaparma Quenyallo (English-Quenya) > BE

  • 3 her

    her [hɜ:r]
       a. (direct object) la ; (before vowel or silent "h") l'
    ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
    ► la precedes the verb, except in positive commands.
    ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
    • look at her! regardez-la !
    ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
    ► When l' is the object of a tense consisting of avoir + past participle, e is added to the past participle.
    ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
    ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
    ► Some French verbs take an indirect object. This means they are either followed by à + noun, or require an indirect pronoun.
    ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
    • what are you giving Pat? -- we're going to give her a CD qu'allez-vous offrir à Pat ? -- nous allons lui offrir un CD
    ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
    ► When lui translates her in past tenses, e is NOT added to the past participle.
    ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
    • have you phoned Suzy? -- yes, I phoned her last night tu as téléphoné à Suzy ? -- oui je lui ai téléphoné hier soir
    ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
    ► lui precedes the verb, except in positive commands.
    ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
    • what are you going to say to her? qu'est-ce que tu vas lui dire ?
       c. (emphatic) elle
       d. ► preposition + her elle
    son, sa ses
    ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
    ► son is used instead of sa before a vowel or silent h.
    ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
    * * *
    [hɜː(r), hə(r)] 1. 2.
    determiner son/sa/ses

    English-French dictionary > her

  • 4 THEY, THEM

    (3rd person pl. and dual forms): As the pronominal ending for “they”, Tolkien hesitated between -ltë and -ntë. For instance, a verb like “they do” is attested both as cariltë and carintë (VT49:16, 17). In one text, the ending -ltë is marked as archaic or poetic (VT49:17), but in other paradigms no such qualification occurs (VT49:51). The alternative form -nte- occurs in UT:317, with a second pronominal marker (-s “it”, denoting the object) following: Tiruvantes "they will keep it". General considerations of euphony may favour -ltë rather than -ntë (e.g. *quenteltë rather than *quententë for “they spoke” – in the past tense, many verbs end in -ntë even before any pronominal endings are supplied, like quentë “spoke” in this example). The ending -ltë (unlike -ntë) would also conform with the general system that the plural pronominal endings include the plural marker l (VT48:11). – In Tolkien’s early material, the ending -ltë appears as -lto instead (e.g. tulielto “they have come”, LT1:270). – A simple plural verb (with ending -r) can have “they” as its implied subject, as in the example quetir en “they still say” (PE17:167). – In the independent pronouns, distinct forms of may be used depending on whether “they, them” refers to living beings (persons, animals or even plants) or to non-living things or abstracts. The “personal” independent pronoun is te, which may have a long vowel when stressed (té, VT49:51). It is also attested in object position (laita te “bless them”, LotR:989 cf. Letters:308, VT43:20). It can receive case endings, e.g. dative ten (VT49:14; variant forms téna and tien, VT49:14, VT43:12, 21). As the “impersonal” they, them referring to non-living things, Tolkien in some sources used ta (VT43:20; 8, 9), but this apparently caused dissatisfaction because he also wanted ta to be the singular pronoun “that, it”. According to VT49:32, the form tai was introduced as the word for impersonal or inanimate “they, them” (in some places changed to te, apparently suggesting that Tolkien considered using te for both personal and impersonal “they/them”, abandoning the distinction). Another source (VT49:51) lists sa as the pl. impersonal form, but all other published sources use this pronoun for singular impersonal “it”, not pl. “they”. – The object “them” can also be expressed by the ending -t following another pronominal suffix (laituvalmet, “we shall bless [or praise] them", LotR:989 cf Letters:308). Presumably this ending -t makes no distinction between personal and impersonal forms. – Quenya also possesses special dual forms of “they, them”, used where only two persons or things are referred to (none of these pronouns distinguish between personal and impersonal forms). In VT49:16, the old ending for dual “they” is given as -stë (marked as archaic or poetic), but this would clash with the corresponding 2nd person ending. According to VT49:51, this ending was changed (also within the imaginary world) from -stë to -ttë, which seems the better alternative (*carittë, “the two of them do”). The independent dual pronoun is given as tú (ibid.) However, it may also be permissible to use te for “they, them” even where only two persons are involved (te is seemingly used with reference to Frodo and Sam in one of the examples above, laita te “bless them”). – Genitive forms, see THEIR; reflexive pronoun, see THEMSELVES.

    Quettaparma Quenyallo (English-Quenya) > THEY, THEM

  • 5 form

    [fɔːm] 1. сущ.
    1) форма; внешний вид; внешнее очертание

    The cookies were in the form of squares. — Печенья были квадратной формы.

    Syn:

    This coat really fits one's form. — Это пальто действительно хорошо сидит.

    Syn:
    3)
    а) форма, вид

    abridged / condensed form — сокращённая форма, сокращённый вариант

    convenient / handy form — удобная форма

    The book came out in abridged form. — Книга издана в сокращённом виде.

    - take the form of
    Syn:
    б) лингв. форма
    - colloquial form
    - combining form
    - diminutive form
    - free form
    - inflectional form
    - obsolete form
    - plural form
    - singular form
    - surface form
    - underlying form
    в) мат. форма

    name form — лог. называющая форма

    4) вид, разновидность

    The ant is a form of insect. — Муравей - это вид насекомых.

    Ice is water in another form. — Лёд - это вода в ином виде.

    Syn:
    6) иск. вид, форма; композиция

    You paint well, but your work lacks form. — С красками у тебя всё в порядке, но твоя картина плохо построена.

    In painting colour is subordinate to form. — В живописи цвет подчиняется форме.

    Syn:
    7) установленный порядок, церемония, этикет, обряд; формальность

    They didn't follow the traditional form of the marriage service. — Они не придерживались традиционной церемонии бракосочетания.

    - as a matter of form
    - in due form
    - in proper form
    Syn:
    8)
    Syn:
    б) бланк, образец, форма; анкета

    to fill in a form брит., to fill out a form амер., to fill up a form уст. — заполнить бланк

    tax return form — амер. бланк декларации о доходах

    9) манеры, поведение

    good / proper form — хороший тон, хорошие манеры

    bad form — дурной тон, плохие манеры

    in full / great form — со всеми церемониями, по всей форме

    It's bad form to come late to a formal reception. — На официальную встречу опаздывать неприлично.

    Syn:

    The horse is in form. — Лошадь вполне подготовлена к бегам.

    She was in superb form today. — Она была сегодня в превосходной форме.

    If she's in form, she can win the match easily. — Если она будет в форме, она легко выиграет матч.

    Syn:
    11) разг. весёлость, живость, хорошее настроение

    He was in great form after his breakfast. — Он был в прекрасном настроении после завтрака.

    Syn:
    12) судимость, "полицейское досье"

    You can get at least a five for getting captured with a shooter especially if you've got a bit of form behind you. — Ты можешь получить по крайней мере пять лет за ношение огнестрельного оружия, особенно, если за тобой есть судимости.

    There's loads of form written down on my conviction card. — В моём досье записана масса судимостей.

    Syn:
    14)
    а) тех. модель; (литейная) форма

    When the cement has hardened, the form is removed. — Когда цемент затвердел, форма удаляется.

    Syn:
    б) амер.; = forme
    в) стр. опалубка
    ••
    2. гл.
    1)
    а) придавать форму; строить, создавать (по образцу, модели; в соответствии с чем-л.)

    to form of / out of / from smth. — делать, создавать из чего-л. (какого-л. материала)

    to form into smth. — придавать форму чего-л.

    state formed along republican lines — государство, созданное в соответствии с республиканскими идеями

    Syn:
    б) принимать форму, вид
    - form layers
    - form strata
    в) ( form into) воен. строить, строиться ( в определённом порядке)

    The soldiers formed into battle order. — Солдаты выстроились в боевом порядке.

    2)
    а) воспитывать, вырабатывать, формировать (характер, качества, стиль)

    mind formed by classical education — ум, сформированный классическим образованием

    to form one's style on / upon good models — вырабатывать свой стиль на хороших образцах

    Syn:
    б) строить (поведение по какому-л. образцу)

    He formed the habit of peering over his glasses. — У него выработалась привычка смотреть поверх очков.

    He formed no friends. — Он не приобрёл друзей.

    Syn:
    4)
    а) составлять, образовывать

    The sofa is formed of three separate sections. — Диван составлен из трёх отдельных секций.

    Yeomen and tradesmen formed the bulk of the insurgents. — Мелкие землевладельцы и торговцы составили основу повстанцев.

    б) включать в себя, содержать
    •
    Syn:
    5)
    а) организовывать, формировать, образовывать

    They formed an army out of rabble. — Они создали армию из сброда.

    We were commanded to form ourselves into a ring. — Нам приказали встать в круг.

    Syn:
    place in order, arrange, embody, organize
    б) организовываться, формироваться

    The dancers formed a line. — Танцоры выстроились в ряд.

    Each column of soldiers marched away as soon as it formed. — Как только солдаты выстраивались в колонну, она тут же выступала.

    Syn:
    6)
    а) создавать, составлять

    Henry VIII was the first English king to form a gallery of pictures. — Генрих VIII был первым английским королём, создавшим картинную галерею.

    Syn:
    б) создавать, вырабатывать, формулировать (план, мнение и т. п.)
    в) возникать, создаваться, образовываться

    Fog forms in the valleys. — Туман возникает в долинах.

    A sheet of ice had formed in front of Proctor's house. — Перед домом Проктора образовалась ледяная корка.

    Syn:
    7) лингв. образовывать

    The verbs of the strong conjugation form the past tense by a change of the root vowel. — Глаголы, относящиеся к сильному спряжению, образуют прошедшее время изменением корневой гласной.

    8) тех. формовать
    Syn:
    9) ( form into) преим. страд. включать как часть (чего-л.)

    The new train will be formed into the regular timetable from next Monday. — Со следующего понедельника новый поезд будет включён в регулярное расписание.

    •

    Англо-русский современный словарь > form

  • 6 MAKE

    \#car- (1st pers. aorist carin "I make, build". The same verb is translated "form" in WJ:391: i carir quettar, "those who form words". According to Etym the past tense is carnë, though FS and SD:246 have cárë. Past participle \#carna *"made" is attested in Vincarna *"newly-made" in MR:305; the longer participial form carina occurs in VT43:15, read probably *cárina with a long vowel to go with such late participial forms like rácina "broken"). MAKING carmë (glossed "art" in UT:396 and is also translated "production", but cf. the following:) NAME-MAKING Essecarmë (an Eldarin seremony in which the father of a child announces its name.) MAKE FAST avalerya- (bind, restrain, deprive of liberty). TO (MAKE) FIT camta- (sic; the cluster mt seems unusual for Quenya, and while the source does not explicitly say that this word is Quenya, it is difficult to understand what other language could be intended) (suit, accomodate, adapt). MAKE FOR IT mína- (desire to go in some direction, to wish to go to a place, have some end in view). –KAR, WJ:391, MR:214, VT41:5, 6, VT44:14, VT39:11

    Quettaparma Quenyallo (English-Quenya) > MAKE

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